The Osmopressor-Induced Angiopoietin-1 Secretion in Plasma and Subsequent Activation of the Tie-2/Akt/eNOS Signaling Pathway in Red Blood Cell
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Water ingestion induces the osmopressor response, which typically presents as increased total peripheral vascular resistance in young healthy subjects. A previous study has suggested that the RBC membrane receptor is involved in osmopressor stress. Recent studies have indicated nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation in RBCs. However, the main process in signaling pathway activation to elicit such a response is unknown. Herein, we hypothesized that hypo-osmotic stress following water ingestion modulates the eNOS/NO pathway, thereby alternating vascular resistance.
METHODS:
We included 24 young, healthy subjects. Physiological parameters and blood samples were collected at 5 minutes before and 25 and 50 minutes after 50 ml water, 500 ml water, or 500 ml normal saline ingestion. A human receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) phosphorylation antibody array was used to simultaneously detect and monitor the biological activation pathways in RBCs.
RESULTS:
Of the 71 RTKs assayed during the osmopressor response, several RTKs were significantly upregulated, including Tie-2 and Tie-1. Plasma angiopoietin-1 levels significantly increased at 25 minutes after 500 ml water ingestion compared to those at baseline. Simultaneous phosphorylation of Tie-2, Akt, and eNOS in RBCs occurred. RBCs in vitro were stimulated with angiopoietin-1, Tie-2, or 0.8% saline and showed significant increase in Tie-2, Akt, and eNOS phosphorylation upon angiopoietin-1 treatment and enhanced activation upon cotreatment of angiopoietin-1 and 0.8% saline.
CONCLUSIONS:
The hypo-osmotic stimulus of water ingestion increases angiopoietin-1 secretion and subsequently activates the Tie-2/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway in RBCs, thereby revealing a novel biological mechanism simultaneously occurring with the osmopressor response.